FAQ Pilgrimage to Mecca | Basic Of Hajj, Umrah, and Ihram

A. Understanding The Terms, Pillars and Obligatory Hajj

The Holy Kaaba - The Pilgrimage To Mecca

What Is The Hajj?

The Hajj is a visit to the Holy Kaaba at Mecca to do the deeds of worship, among others, the Wukuf, Mabit, Tawaf, Sa'ay, and the other in a certain period, in order to meet the call of Allah and His pleasure expecting.

What is The Umrah?

Umrah is a visit to the Holy Kaaba at Mecca to perform Tawaf, Sa'ay, and shaving/cutting hair (Tahalul).

What Are The Laws Of Hajj And Umrah?

Hajj and Umrah law is mandatory for capable and implemented once in a lifetime.

Does Every Hajj Have To Be Merged With Umrah?

The Hajj and Umrah are two worship each stands alone. Thus, not every Hajj should be merged with Umrah.

What Does Tamattu' Hajj Mean?

Tamattu' Hajj is performing Umrah first then do Hajj. This method is charged the Dam (penalty).

What Does Ifrad Hajj Mean?

Ifrad Hajj is to do Hajj only. For those who would Umrah mandatory or Sunna, then after completing his Hajj can perform Umrah with Miqat of Tanim, Ji'ranah, Hudaybiya or other Halal land areas. This method is not subject to the Dam (penalty).

What Does Qiran Hajj Mean?

Qiran Hajj is doing hajj and umrah in one intention and one job at a time. This method is also obliged to pay Dam Nusuk. Implementation of the Dam is the same as the Tamattu' Hajj.

What Mandatory Terms of Hajj / Umrah?

Mandatory Terms of Hajj / Umrah there are five:

1. Islam
2. Baligh (adult)
3. Healthy
4. Not a slave
5. Istitaáh (capable)

Everyone who is not qualified is not mandatory to hajj or umrah.

What Is Istitaáh (Capable) In The Hajj?

Istitaáh (capable) the Hajj is as that related to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ when asked about his istitaáh answer, namely the supplies and vehicles. Is defined as the provision of supplies material, knowledge, and health. While the definition of a vehicle is something that can get a person to perform the Hajj, namely vehicles, time and opportunity (quota), including the assignment.

How Many Pillars Of Hajj?

Pillars of Hajj there are six:

1. Ihram (intention);
2. Wukuf (standing) at Mount Arafat;
3. Ifadah Tawaf;
4. Sa'ay;
5. Tahalul (Shave);
6. Orderly, according to the order.

How Many Obligatory Of Hajj?

Obligatory of Hajj there are six:

1. Hajj Ihram from Miqat;
2. Mabit at Muzdalifah;
3. Mabit in Mina;
4. The Stoning of the Jamarat;
5. Avoid the forbidden acts in a state using ihram;
6. The Wada' Tawaf for that would leave Mecca.

When leaving one of the obligatory Hajj, then his Hajj is valid, but must pay Dam. Leaving the Wada' Tawaf for pilgrims were elderly (sick or menstruating) are not subject to the Dam.

What Is The Orderly Perform Hajj Mean?

The orderly perform Hajj is carrying out the provisions of rituals in accordance with existing rules.

B. Pillars, Obligations and Sunna Umrah

Nabawi Mosque - Hajj and Umrah

What Are The Pillars Of Umrah?

The pillars of umrah are five:

1. Ihram;
2. Tawaf;
3. Sa'ay;
4. Tahalul/Shave;
5. Orderly.

When leaving one of the pillars Umrah, then the Umrah is invalid.

What is Umrah Obligatory?

Umrah Obligatory is doing Ihram of Umrah from Miqat and does not do anything/things that are forbidden at the time of Umrah. If leaving the Umrah obligatory, then must pay Dam.

What is The Mandatory Umrah?

The Mandatory Umrah is an Umrah that is performed for the first time (also called Umratul Islam) or Umrah done because of vows.

What is The Sunna Umrah?

The Sunna Umrah is the Umrah that is performed for the second time and so on, not because of vows.

Is It True To Perform Umrah Seven Times As Much As The Reward Of Performing The Pilgrimage To Mecca Once?

Not true, because there is no proof that says so.

Is It Permissible To Do Umrah Many Times Before Wukuf?

It is permissible to do Umrah many times before wukuf, but to maintain healthy conditions in the context of the preparation of wukuf it is better not to do Umrah many times, considering The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ performed Umrah four times in four different years.

C. Ihram and Miqat

Hajj And Umrah At the Grand Mosque Masjid Al Haram

What is The Ihram?

The Ihram is the intention of the entry Hajj and Umrah by avoiding things that are forbidden while wearing Ihram clothes.

Where Do The Hajj And Umrah Pilgrimages Begin For The Ihram?

1. Miqat Ihram at Bir Ali (Zulhulaifah).
2. Aboard an aircraft on a line parallel with Manazil Qarnul; or
3. At King Abdul Aziz Airport Jeddah.

What Form Of Ihram Clothes For Men And Women?

The Ihram for men is two pieces of cloth without a seam. One strand is used as a sarong and one strand as a shawl (put on the shoulder). The ihram clothing for men is white (Sunna), while for women is casual clothes that cover the entire body, but must open the face and his hands.

Is It May Be In A State Of Ihram, Slaughter Cattle For Feeding Purposes?

Yes, it is because that is prohibited is hunting and killing lawful (halal) animal land and other animals that are not harmful.

What Is Prohibited During Ihram?

For men are prohibited:

1. Wearing casual clothes;
2. Wearing socks or shoes that cover the ankle and heel;
3. Covering the head attached such as a hat or cap and turban.

For women are prohibited:

1. Cover both palms with gloves;
2. Covering her face with a veil.

Prohibitions during Ihram for men and women are:

1. Use fragrances except those already used on the body before the intention of Hajj / Umrah;
2. Cut nails and shaving or plucking body hair and fur;
3. Hunt and persecute/kill animals in any way, except that harm animals to be killed;
4. Married, marry or propose women for marriage;
5. Making out or having sex;
6. Chide, fight or say dirty words.

What Are The Worship That Can Be Performed By Women During Menstruation Along The Hajj?

All worship may be done, except prayers and tawaf.

Are Pilgrims Men Or Women Who Are On Ihram Allowed To Take Off Their Ihram Clothes?

May remove his Ihram garments in an enclosed space, such as hunger in the shower or when replacing it as dirty. If you take your ihram in an open place, it is forbidden, but not get The Dam.

Is It Permissible To Wear Ihram Before Reaching Miqat?

Yes, it is permissible to wear ihram before reaching miqat.

What Is The Ruling If The Pilgrims Passing Through Miqat Makani Without Wearing Ihram Since Forgotten Or Do Not Know? 

When the pilgrims pass through miqat makani without ihram, obligatory pay Isaáh Dam (Dam error) or take the other way, namely:

1. Back again to miqat passed earlier, before carrying out any of the activities Umrah / Hajj.
2. Take the Hajj miqat closest to the Haram Land, not Taním, Ji'ranah and Hudaibiyah, but in Rabigh / Jeddah.
3. Intend Ihram from the place he remembered (realized). This method is subject to a fine (Dam Isa'ah).

What Is The Ruling Of The Sick Were Taken To The City Of Mecca, And Before He Desired To Perform The Hajj/Umrah?

It is obligatory to enter the city of Mecca in a state of Ihram, but Isytirath (conditional ihram) is recommended. If because of his illness he cannot finish his pilgrimage, he may perform pilgrimage (releasing his ihram) without paying Dam, and if he will perform his pilgrimage later he will take miqat from the hospital or residence.

Conditional ihram intentions are as follows:
 

Meaning:
I welcome your call, O Allah, for Hajj. But if I am hindered by something, O God, then I will be superstitious in the place where I am obstructed.

If the illness is not possible to carry out worship (Tawaf-Sa'ay), then it is recommended not need to be ordained with the intention of going to Mecca as a treatment/further treatment (referral to illness).
 

What Is The Ruling On Opening An Ihram Cloth If A Pilgrim Is Sick For Treatment?

Allowed for an emergency. When possible, it is obligatory to re-wear the ihram without a Dam and there is no need to intend (ihram) anymore. If it is not possible to use ihram cloth, you can do the hajj without ihram cloth, but you will be subject to The Dam.

What Is The Difference Between Sick Pilgrims To Enter The City Of Mecca For Medical Reasons In A State Of Ihram And Did Not?

If the pilgrims are sick entering the city of Mecca in a state of ihram and die in a state of ihram, then he has obtained the reward of his pilgrimage and when entering the city of Mecca without Ihram, then he dies not in a state of Hajj (Hadith of Ibn Abbas). 

What Is Recommended After Ihram From Miqat?

After ihram, it is recommended to read Talbiyah, Shalawah, and Prayer.

Is It Permissible To Read Talbiyah From The Residence, And On The Way?

Sure, just not with the intention of Ihram Hajj/Umrah. Others say, has not been allowed since Talbiyah is part of ihram.

Which Is More Important To Read Talbiyah, Prayer And Dhikr Out Loud Or Soft (Seer)?

Reciting prayers and remembrance take precedence with seer (not loud voice). But read Talbiyah for male precedence with loud/strident (Jahr), whereas for women with seer. 

What Is The Ruling On Cutting / Shaving Hair, Cutting Nails, Or Using Fragrances In Ihram?

The law is forbidden to cut/shave/pull hair. Cutting nails or wear perfume in a state of ihram is obliged to pay fidyah (penalty), ie by slaughtering a goat or give alms to six poor each ½ sa' (two mud = 1 ½ kg) of rice a staple food or fast for three days.

Is It Permissible To Speak With Obscenities (Vile) Or Do Fasiq While Performing The Hajj?

It is not permissible, and if this is done the Hajj is legal, it does not pay Dam/fidyah, but it aborts the reward of the Hajj. 

Is It Permissible To Men Who Are Wear Ihram Covering The Head With An Umbrella?

Yes, you can cover your head with something that doesn't stick to your head, like an umbrella.

Can Pilgrims Who Are On Ihram Wear A Watch, A Ring Or A Belt?

Yes, the pilgrims who are on ihram wear watches, rings, and belts, because the equipment does not include clothing.

Can Pilgrims Who Are On Ihram Use Toothpaste, Soap, Kill Mosquitoes And Flies?

It is permissible and not get the Dam, because it aims to clean teeth and care for health (not for fragrances). Likewise, it is permissible to kill mosquitoes, flies and other disturbing animals.

What Is The Ruling Combing The Hair In A State Of Ihram?

Sure, if you believe it will not fall out of hair, but it should be avoided.

What Is Miqat Makani?

Miqat Makani is a place that is used as a boundary to start of Ihram Hajj/Umrah.

Where is the Miqat Makani?

There are five places in Miqat Makani, namely:

1. Zulhulaifah (Bir Ali), the miqat of Medina residents and those who pass through it;
2. Juhfah, the miqat of Sham residents and those who pass through it;
3. Qarnul Manazil (as-Sail), the miqat of Najad residents and those who pass through it;
4. Yalamlam, the miqat of Yemen residents and those who pass through it;
5. Zatu Irqin, the miqat of Iraq and residents and those who pass through it.

Places mentioned above have been set by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as miqat Makani for Hajj/Umrah for the residents and for every person who passes through not among its residents.

Are Tan'im and Ji'ranah Miqat Hajj?

Tan'im and Ji'ranah are not miqat of Hajj. Both are miqat umrah for residents of Mecca or for people who live (live) in Mecca, including pilgrims who will perform the Umrah.